Zoram Loneitu

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. C. Lalzarliana

Director of Agriculture

(Crop Husbandry)

Editor

James Vanlalluaia

Deputy Director (Extension)

Joint Editors

R. L. Thanzuala

Joint Director of Agriculture

(Technical)

Contributing Editors

DAO – Aizawl, Lunglei,

Saiha, Champhai, Kolasib,

Serchhip, Lawngtlai, Mamit.

Contents

Editorial ……...…………………………………………….. 2

General Section :

1.MAHIOPEN zin report .…………………………...…….. 3

-H. Lalthanpuia

2.National eGovermence plan-Agriculture ……..………..... 6

-James Vanlalluaia

3.Zofate hian engtikah nge .…………………………...….. 11

-J. Lalpuithanga

4.Saiha District Hmalakna …………...…………..……..... 15

-Malsawmdawngliana

Chawhma dar 10:00-ah Directorate of Agriculture kawt ṭanga chhuakin tlai/zan dar 7:00-ah Lawngtlai kan thleng a, kan programme hre saa KVK, Lawngtlaiin kan tana an lo ruahman sa diam Tourist Lodge- ah lutin KVK, Lawngtlaia thawkten min

rawn ngaihsak zui nghal a, zanriah pawh kan ei nghal a.

A tuk, ni 20.4.2016 (Nilaini) zingah chuan Lawngtlai khawpui chhunga ngaihpawimawhte kan tlawh kual hnuah KVK hmun Chawnhu-ah kan lut a. KVK-a thawktute nen hlim takin kan inhmu hlawm

a.Lecture Hall-ah Power Point Presentation hmangin

an hnathawh leh hlawhtlinnate min entir a, an

thil min hrilh zinga chhinchhiah zui ṭhenkhatte chu – Thinghnah damdawi an tih mai, pem/hliam tuam hnana dam hma phah nana hman țhin an tih, ṭah kung thi tur Systemic Insecticide hmanga an chhanchhuah leh te chu an hlut hmel khawp

mai. He Zawngṭah kung enkawl dan hi Pu H. Lalthanpuia, Director of Agriculture (R&E) a nih laia a tlawh ṭuma a thurawn an lo bawhzuia an tihhlawhtlin a ni a, a lawmawmin mi dangte hriat darh zel atan pawh a itawm khawp mai. ṭhuan chu tlai deuha eiin Saiha kan pan leh nghal a.

Saiha khawpuiah hian Kawlchaw-ah pengin Lakher Pioneer Mission hmun Serkawr-ah kan han kal a. Rev. Mark leh a nupui Violy leh an chhungte kan han kawm

a.Missionary Rev. R. Lorrain leh ramhuai insualna an tih Library-ah te lutin thlate kan la a, rilru a kal thui duh khawp mai. Saiha

chu tlai dar 4:20-ah lutin Circuit House-ah KVK, Saiha-a thawktuten min lo nghak ṭhap tawh hlawm a, kan beisei lawk ruk ang ngeiin Dr. Chawngkhuma, President AMFU, Saiha District leh a țhiante pawh an lo awm a, hlim takin kan inhmu hlawm a, Saiha Journalist-te pawh an lo thleng chho ve nghal thuai a, inkawmna hun hlimawm tak rei lo deuh hmangin kan zin chhante a tlangpuiin kan sawi thiak thuak a, a tukah chuan nitin chanchinbu ṭhenkhatah chuan

front page-ah te hial min rawn chhuah ta nghe nghe a, an ti lawmawm khawp mai.

Ni 21.4.2016 (Ningani) tukah chuan zing karah phur takin kan chhuak chho va, KVK, Saiha hmun tlawh chhovin kan kal leh nghal a, kan zin chhan tak pakhat KM 10 khua chu zing dar 8:20-ah kan thleng a. An hotupa deuh ber Pu N. Lalsiama inah lutin inkawmna hun ṭha tak kan hmang phawt a, he khuaah hian Strawberry chingtu chhungkaw 23 awmin nikum 2015-ah khan cheng nuai 44 zet an lei tih kan han hriat chuan ropui kan ti hle. Kan inkawmna in neitupa Pu N. Lalsiama chuan cheng nuai 6

zet a lei a nih chu. Khua aṭanga hnai te, Strawberry hmunah chuan kan lut chho ta a, a hmuhnawmin a hlimawm takzet a ni. Scientific Method hmuhnawm tak mai hmanga an chin Strawberry thei rah tiar tuar maite chu kan lo a, kan ei a, thla kan la mawlh mawlh mai a ni. He khaw kilkhawr ang reng tak sia heti taka Strawberry an ching hlawhtling si hi an chanchin a ngaihnawm phian mai. Kumin aṭang hian

an khaw ṭhenawmte pawhin an ching ve dawn lehnghal.

Kum 2010-ah khan Mizoram University aṭangin KVK, Saiha hian Strawberry chin tur 600 an dawng a, chu chu he khuaah hian chintirin uluk takin an enkawlpui a, an hlawhtling ta phian a. Pu N. Lalsiama hi heti lama mi ninhlei tak, thei leh thlai chi hrang hrang tui sawr leh um lamte pawh lo enchhin ṭhin a ni reng a;

chutia a Strawberry chin hlawhtlin chu Horticulture Development Officer, Saiha-in lo hriain thiam thil changkang (Modern Technology) nen an ngaihsak zui ta zel a. Chutianga an hlawhtlinna chu hriain ICAR, Kolasib pawhin an rawn ngaihsakin Bawngpui leh thildang tein an rawn ṭanpui ve ta zel a, an hlawhtlinna hian ngaihsaktu leh rawn tel ve duh a hip lut riau a nih chu. Hetah hian thil lawmawm leh fak tlak tak chu thawhhona țha (Ideal Cooperation) avang niin a lang a, midang leh hmun danga Sorkar Department-te tan pawh an entawntlak awm mang e tih mai tur an niin a lang.

Tlai deuh taka Pu N. Lalsiama ina tukțhuan kan eikham chuan Hnahthial panin kan chhuak ta a. Sangau lamah kalin Pangkhuaa Pu Chawngkhupa ṭawngṭaina tlangah kan kal leh a, hetah hian kham lo

taka hun kan hman zawhin Tuipui ‗D‘-ah Sorkar Marboat service pangngai kan nan hman tak loh avangin Private Marboar-ah man chawiin kan kai ta a, tluang takin ITC/KVK, Hnahthial chu tlai dar 6:30-ah kan lut a, KVK Farmers‘ Hostel-ah lutin ITC-in zanriah min lo siamsak chu tlai leh

puar takin kan ei a. Zanah chuan lungmuang takin ITC Complex fangin kan lengkual a.

Kan zin ni hnuhnung ber 22.4.2016 (Zirtawpni)-ah chuan KVK, Hnahthial Farm-ah kan va zing kal a, mual pathum uluk leh mumal taka an lo enkawl chu Farmer-te tan a ṭangkai hmel khawp mai. Mual hmasa bera in Banana Inn-te chu awmze nei taka a hming vuah a ni tih an Balhla hmunte chuan a nemnghet a, mual pahnihnaa Pineapple Inn pawh chuti tho. A mual pathumna Seedless Litchi lo rah tuar maite chuan lawm avangin lung an tichhe rum rum mai. He thei hi kum 2014-a Pu H. Lalthanpuia, Director of Agriculture (R&E) a nih laia KVK hote hnena a pek kha a ni a, anni hian an lo tirah ṭan ta mai hi a hmuhnawmin a lawmawm takzet a ni. KVK dang leh ITC-a an phunte pawh an la rah hlawm chek ang. Farm aṭanga kan hawin tukṭhuan kan ei a, ngai leh thlahlel tak chungin Aizawl kan pan ta a.

A thiltum tlangpuite :

1.Loneitute mamawh tihhlawhtlin leh an tana hnathawh.

2.Extension service nasa zawka kalpui leh nghawng ṭha zawk neihtir.

3.Loneituten an lova buh leh bal an enkawl laia an mamawh tur thil ṭangkai hriattirna.

4.Central leh State sorkar tena ICT hmanrua tihchangtlun leh remchang siam.

5.Ţha zawk leh awmze nei zawka tihdan tihdanglam a, a ṭangkaina tihpun.

6.Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC) aṭanga scheme chi hrang hrang lo kalte ṭha zawka enkawl.

7.State chhunga tihdan phung inang tlang kalpui.

Implementation Strategy : He scheme-a chanvo neitu zawng zawngte tana scheme implement dan tur chu hetiang hi a ni ang. Sorkar office, Internet touchscreen Kios, KVK, Kissan Call Centre, Agri- Clinics, Common Service Centre leh mobile phone (Broadcast, IVRS, Voice-recognition and Interactive messaging using USSD i.e unstructured Supplementary Service Data) te hi hman ṭangkai tur a ni a. Central leh State Agriculture Portal-te hmangin kalphung siamṭhat leh tihchangtlun a, a fatu aṭang ringawt lovin ram chhunga application ṭha ber berte lakhawmin hman theih tura buatsaih a ni dawn a ni.

Heng tihlawhtling tur hian a angchhunga tel turte chu Data emaw Disaster recovery centre, Block Level thlenga Computer Hardware dah, site

preparation, Project Management, Application remkhawm (Development/ customization, Data Digitization, capacity building leh Training leh (change management) thil thar thlentir. A kalphung

hian ram chhunga e-governance hmanrua ṭha ber ber lakkhawma tihpun leh tha zawka siam leh application hrang hrangte kaikawpa rampuma phochhuah tlaka buatsaih leh state tina a ṭul anga hman theiha chawpchhuahte a huam a ni.

NeGP-A hian a angchhungah ICT hmanga information thehdarhna hmanrua chi hrang hrang software development application, hardware leh software, Manpower training, Data digitalization leh a dangte a huam a.

Block level thlengin 12 cluster of service chu common application angin hman theiha dah a ni a. He 12 cluster hian 23 service a keng tel a. A lo en duhte tan a hnuaia link-ah te hian a en theih e. http://dacnet.nic.in / ammp/ammp.htm

Block level thlenga IT infrastructure tihchangtlun bakah NeGP-A in a huam telte chu ATMA scheme aṭanga Hand held device hmanga location 2100 hmunah te e-pest surveillance neih te, market 1000 aia tamah IT infrastructure tihchangtlun leh hmun thlan bikah te e- mandis kalpuite a ni.

NIC te chu solution design leh System Requirement Specification (SRS), solution Development, solution

testing and acceptance, solution Implementation, training and change management, solution warranty and support leh thil dang Service Level Agreement (SLA) sign in a huamte enkawl tura tih an ni. SLA hi Central Sawrkar leh NIC ten an signed tawh a ni.

He scheme hi CSS niin central leh state-in senso tur hi 90:10 in an intum sem dawn a. Block level thlengin Agriculture & Allied Department te thawhhona tur a ni a. Hardware bunna turte hi State Headquarters, District leh Block-ah te site preparation siam tur a ni a. State Headquarters-ah Hardware 20 a awm ang a, District level-ah 5 a awm ang a. Tin, Block level-ah 3 a awm bawk ang. Hengte hi internet nena thlunzawm tur a ni. Hengah te hian a chunga 12 cluster kan han tarlante hi Mizo ṭawnga lehlina loneitute hmuh theih tura upload vek tur a ni a. Heng bakah hian central sorkar chuan Activities 36 an rawn rolled out leh tawh bawk a. Chungte pawh chu CMS hmangin mahni ṭawnga lehlina loneitute hman theih tura chhawpchhuah tur a ni bawk a ni. Hrechiang duh tan a hnuaia website-ah hian in register tur a ni.

www.mkisan.gov.in/cms/login.aspx. CMS hi Central Management System tihna a ni a. CMS hman phalsak i nih hnuah he

web-ah hian lut leh la

www.mkisan.gov.in/cms/login.aspx . Tichuan tihtur tam takin a hmuak tawh mai dawn che a ni.

Heng bakah hian training centre/ Training Lab District panga (5) zelah pakhat a awm thei a. Mizoram-in District 8 chauh nei mah ila, Training Lab pahnih (2) neih phalsak kan ni a. Heng Lab thuamna tur fund-te pawh kan nei tawh a. Chu bakah chuan he Project min enkawlpuitu atan WIPRO Company-te chu consultant anga rawih tur an ni a. Project min enkawlpui dawn avangin Project

Management Unit (PMU) tih an ni a. Anni nen hian kan thawhhona tur Agreement buaipui mek a ni a. Hetiang hian loneitute tana a ṭangkai thei tur ang bera he Scheme hi kalpui tum a ni.

Present Fund Position : Kum 2014-15 khan Government of India (DAC) chuan Rs.33,65,433.00 a rawn release a. A hmanna tur te chu –

	Activity	Amount released
		(in Rs.)
	Site preparation cost for
	SHQs, Districts, Blocks,	13,43,100.00
	SAUs (55% of the total
	cost)
	Site preparation cost for	16,00,000.00
	Training Centre (100%)
	Connectivity charges	62,333.00
	(for 2 months)
	Project Monitoring Unit	3,60,000.00
	(for 2 months)
	Total (in Rs.)	33,65,433.00

Total Amount in words (Rs. Thirty three Lakhs Sixty Five Thousand and Four Hundred Thirty Three only).

Hemi bakah hian Government of

India chuan kum 2015-16 khan Rs. 22,09,351.00 a rawn release bawk a. Vanduaithlak takin he pawisa hi hemi kum Mizoram Budget-ah khung a ni lo hlauh a, chuvangin a lapsed ta a. Tunah hian Central chuan a rawn revalidate leh tawh a. Budget-ah Revised Estimate angin khung (book) tir tum mek a ni a. He fund hi draw theih a nih chuan Hardware leina

(procurement) tur a ni a. Tin, hemi aṭanga 25% chu Software Customization leh Localization atan hman theih a ni.

Hemi bakah hian 2016-17 atana Fund allocation min ruahman sak chu Rs.

32.75lakhs a ni a. Hemi pawisa hi an rawn release theih nan central ah proposal thawn mek a ni bawk.

A chunga mite hi NeGP-A pilot phase anga kal a ni a. Hemi phase pawh hi Mizoram ah kan kalpui ṭan dawn chauh laiin DAC & FW, Govt. of India chuan Approach Paper for implementation of National e-governance plan-Agriculture 2.0 (Digital Agriculture) a tichhuak leh der tawh a. He hi MMP (Mission Mode Project) hran angin e-kranti/NeGP-2.0 hnuaiah dahin Central Cabinet chuan 25.03.2015 khan a lo approved tawh a. Chiang zawka lo en duh kan awm chuan agricoop.nic.in ah khan a en theih a, hei hi

Circular leh Notification hnuaia Information Technology-ah khan a en theih a ni. Hemi hnuaia service/areas cover turte chu :

(a)Cooperation.

(b)Credit.

(c)Governance & Citizen-Centric services for fertilizer Testing labs.

(d)Agriculture Census.

(e)Integrated Cold Chain Availability Platform (ICAP) for Horticulture.

(f)Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries.

(g) Integration of Research and

Development initiatives in Agriculture and allied sectors.

(h) Integration of Farmer Oriented Services.

(i)Development of Mobile Apps.

(j)Integration with Bhuwan Portal.

(k)Thrust areas identified under Digital India for Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.

Heng service/areas te hi hun rei lote chhunga han sawifiah mai theih pawh a ni lova. Tuna kan hriat atana pawimawh awm nia langte chu - Animal Husbandry and Veterinary leh Fisheries Department-te chu an mamawh (requirement) identify tura tih

an ni a. Chumi hmang chuan DPR buatsaiha, Fund mamawh turte chu IT Division of DAC & FW ah thawn tura tih an ni. Heng Department-te hian heng application-te hi State sorkar emaw NIC te hmangin an developed thei dawn niin a approach paper-ah hian tarlan a ni. Ţul an tih chuan hemi kawng ah hian IT Division te pawh ṭanpui turin an pur thei dawn a ni. IT Division te hian heng department-ah te hian fund an pekna tur appropriate head an duang chawp bawk dawn a ni. DPR-ah te hian ICT kaihhnawiha kut hnathawktute information pekna tur lam hawia siam tur a nih hmel.

Tunah hian Central Agriculture Portal hnuaia 12 Clusters Approach (chu chuan activities 36 lai a keng tel a) te zinga pakua (9) te chu Customization (hman theiha buatsaih) leh Localization (Mizo

tawng lehlin) tum mek a niin thawh ṭan a ni tawh a. Amaherawhchu, heng Cluster 9-te hian a mal malin link an nei hrang leh vek

a.Chungte chu luhchilh leh veka enchhuah vek ngaite an ni. A hna hi enchet ngai leh tih zung zung theih loh a nih avangin Allied Sectors-te leh District Level aṭanga Block Level thlenga implement thuai hi rang takin a tih theih mai loh a. Mi tam takin kan hriat tur ang pawh a la hriat hleih theih loh va, a pawi kan ti takzet a ni.

Engpawh chu lo ni se, chak taka hmalak tum a ni a, kan sawi hmaih hauh loh tur chu mKissan Portal chhunga application awm ang angte pawh loneitute tana ṭangkai turte chu Mizo ṭawng ngeia an hman theih dan tur ruahman mek a ni. Hei hi loneitute tan thil ṭangkai tak tur a ni. Loneitu tam zawkte hi internet khawih ngai lo an ni a, thil pawimawh chi hrang hrang Farmer Portal emaw mKisan Portal emawa thil awmte chu mobile handset aṭanga an lo en ve theih tura ruahmanna kalpui tum a ni. mKisan Portal-ah hian kuthnathawktute in- register a ngai a, registration hi Kissan Call Centre hmangin emaw web portal hmangin a tih theih a, hrechiang duh chuan mKissan Portal (mkisan.in)-ah khan lo en mai ni sela, a chiang zawk ang.

NeGP-A hi CSS dangte anga Field-a pawisa release ṭhin ang chi a ni ve lova. A sum involve-te hi a lian lo hle nang a, a huam erawh a zau em em thung a ni. A nih tur ang taka thil a kal hunah chuan awlsam zawkin loneituten an hriat tur pawimawhte awlsam takin Portal leh Web aṭangin emaw anmahni Mobile Phone aṭangin an lo hre thei/hmu thei tawh ang a. Indaih loh avanga kan buainate pawh tlema zawngte chu min

chhawk thei tura beisei a ni. NeGP-A ah hian heng ATMA Functionaries te, KVK te leh Agriculture & Allied Department-a thawktu zawng zawngte hian tihtur kan la nei ṭheuh dawn a, a sapṭawng takin Stakeholder vek kan ni a. Mission Mode Project a nihna angin kan thawhhona tur Programme a ni a. Training Lab Aizawl leh Lungleia buatsaih mekahte hian

Stakeholder zawng zawng ten ICT hmanga kuthnathawktute information kan pek thiam theih nan Training Programme-te la buatsaih a ni dawn a. A system kan hman thiam hunah chuan loneitute tan a la ṭangkai viau dawn a ni.

Kan ram hi hnam naupang kan nih avangin tlang hreng ram hi kan khawsakna atana min thlahtute aṭanga kan hmuh chhan a ni a, Zofate, Pathian zawn chhuah ram hi State dang buh-bala chawm ram, hah thil kula hnathawh ngai ram a ni. Aw le, Zofate hi tlawmngaih chhuah peih hnam leh ram kan ni a,

Computer Age thleng thlenga chawmhlawm State kan nih a, State hla tak thawh chhuah ringa Fair Price Shop-a nun han hman reng ringawt mai hi a zahthlak zo zai ngawt mai.

Aw le, tunah mai chuan a harsa viauin a lang thei a, luipui kam ram tha nei, hmar luang leh chhim luang kama ram neite chuan ram zau tha tawk leh mual rem tha kan neih chuan chulai

hmunah ngei chuan inbenbelna chang i ngaihtuah tawh ang u. Ram leilung tuihnang tha leh ram rem ṭha awmna chu, chulai vek chu a ni si a, khaw lian leh te zawng zawng Ration Card buaia kan buai mai hi a zahthlak zozai ta a ni. Chulaiah chuan han khawsa ilangin mahni in aṭanga hla vak lo vah Oil Palm te, Fu te leh Planting Materials lam te kan ching ang a, Tlawng lui, a bula in leh Aizawl-a in chu a danglamna engmah a awm chuang si lo va. Khaw te, thingtlang thlengin tuilak ringa nun kan tum deuh mai si a, senso reng a tam em mai. Kan hotute hnenah in za (100) vel zet zelin hmun ualaua chen dil ila, an hnial vak ka

ring	chiah	lo	a	ni.
Dr.	C. Lalzarliana,	Ph.D	te leh	kan

Agricul-ture Officers hote hian a ruahman dan chu an thiam em em ang.

Kan hrisel loh avang hian India ram khawpui leh phairamah kan vak tam a, an hmasawnna leh an ruahmanna te, an khawsakna atan nitina an eizawnnate ka thlirin rualawh a na ngawt ṭhin mai. A lum deuh na a, nula no tak tak, tlangval hleitling tak tak hmuh tur an tam tho asin. Tui lah an thiam tlang si a, in bul lek lekah thlai a awm del dul mai. Ram a ṭha bawk si a, thlai zam chi lah a tam a, a phun chi nen, Hmazil, Dawnfawh, Bawkbawn thlengin an in aṭanga hla lo teah an nei hlawm mai a ni. Ran vulhtute lah an ranin a ngeih khawp a, ar chitin mai hi ṭhenkhat phei chuan an nei a, lui hla vak loa mite chuan sangha an man a, a ṭhenin an hralh a, kan hruaitute ei ang ni maiin ka hria, an ei mai a ni.

Kan ram chu tlang hreng deuh a ni na a, wet terrace bigha 4/5 te kan siam ang a, kum tin buh phur 100 zet kan nei ang a, tui nei ṭha deuh phei chu kum khatah vawihnih kan thar mai dawn a ni. Kan hnianghnar deuh a ngai tlat a ni. Hei hi kan tlakchham lutuk chuan ṭhan a thu. Agriculture Officer-te hian thlai chin tur leh thlai chin dan tur chu an hre em em a ni. Tunah Kurtai hi a to hle mai a, chumi hmuna awm chuan Fu lah a ṭha duh a, her sen rual loh pawh pa taima chuan an nei thei dawn a ni. Lui kamah thlai zam chi leh ei chi chin a ni ang a, Alu leh Bal, Kawlbahra te a ṭha duh bik bawk si, a ram ruhin an rut mai dawn a ni. Lawngleng lian leh te deuhin luiah ṭhalai an vak vel

tawh ang a, tui an thiam hlawm dawn si a, Tuirial phei chu a kuam a zau deuh a, chuti em ema thuk a awm si lo, an inbeng per mai mai dawn a ni. Tlaiah lenin sangha an man ang a, tura hrai leh eng emawa man tih vel chu a awm dawn si lova. Kan sawrkarin luipui hrut chia kawng siam nachang an hria ang a, electric min rawn chhit ensak ang a, in tinah current a lo lut ang a, fan a vir vut

vut mai dawn a ni. Chu bakah Development Infrastructure tih nachang an hre thuai ang a, khawizu leh hnute tuia luang ram kan hotute Pu C. Lalzarliana, Ph.D hovin min din sak mai dawn alawm. Ram chhe laiah Teak kan phun duh chauh dawn a ni.

Hei kan hotute hi phai rama zir an ni a, thil awmzia hi an hre em em a ni. Min hruaituten Aizawlah experience an nei ṭha tawk tawh a, a mi chengte leh a tui mite kan tam deuh phei chuan kawngpui chu an siam zim duh ka ring lova, lui mam chin phei chu lawngleng kal theihin min siamsak em emin ka ring a, kan harhchhuah hun a nghahhlelh awm ngei mai. Oil Palm te, Fu te, Ser chi hrang hrang te leh thlai bul hralh chi te; thlai hralh chi tuna phai aṭanga kan lak ṭhin leh a dangte pawh a ṭha duh vek a ni. Kuhva leh a dangte chu ka la sawi rih lo zawk a ni.

Amaherawhchu,hetiang hlawhtlinna nei tur chuan kan ram hruaituten ṭan min laksak a, ruh taka rilru an hman a ngai a, hriselna lam leh Education lam thlengin heh pet chunga ṭan an lak a ngai a ni. Chu lovah hei kan

hria a, Aizawl veng hrang hrangah Inrinni emaw hun awl remchanga tual phiat tur leh eng emaw hnatlanga kan thawh thin ang hi Zofa tlawmngai awmkhawm chuan chu lai ramah chuan zingkarah emaw hma kan la ang a, mahni in hual chhung a ni ṭheuh dawn si a, kum hlun taka ṭhat tlanna a ni ang a, hmasawnna hlir, hmasawnna hlir a lo ni ang. Fu chingtute lah chu kan tam dawn si a, Agriculture Officer-te pawh he lai hmun tlawh chakin an rilru an siam ang a, tlaia an lo thlen leh fu tui distilled kan lo pe ang a, an lunglen tizualtu a ni ang. A lui dung tluana awm tur Zofate kan harhchhuah hunah chuan kawng a ṭha si ang a, in singkhat zel kan tlar put mai dawn a ni. Ruahmanna tlangpui zawh a nih hnu chuan Ration Card te chu ‗ka ha‘ tih a ni tawh ang.

Aw zoram, lo ding chhuak la,

I tan khua a var dawn ta …… tih

hlan kan va nghakhlel em!!

Kum 2000 hma lama Agriculture Department-a kan thawh ve lai chuan tui hle mah ila, leilet neitute leh ser huan neitute khua kan fan changin kan zawt ṭhin a, ―Khawiah nge leilet in siam?‖ kan ti a, leilet buatsaihtute chuan ―Khutah, mel 3 vel zet a ni ang,‖ an ti mai a, hlawhtling tak tak zia an ni lo. Ka sawi ang khian luipui kamah Zofa, mi tumruhte awmkhawm chuan in bul hnai maiah emaw reilotea thlen zung zunga chang dang kan lova nghet taka neih a nih loh chuan a hlawhtling ngai lo. Chuvangin loneitu i nih chuan nghet takin bei nasa

mai rawh. Chhura angin, a sen reng reng i hlau tawh lovang u.

Agriculture (Horticulture huamin)-ah tui taka thawktute tan hlawhtlinna a awm

Hmasawn nana tia kan hotuten hma an lo lak hian hmasawn tir min tum bera ten ṭanpuina ngawt beiseia tui vak lova kan lo thawk hi hlawhchhamna bul a ni fo. Hun liam taah phei chuan mahni ramchhung kawngte kha kan laichhuak zak a, feh kawng lam khan. Lo neih dan hlui (Shifting Cultivation)-ah khan lo zau deuh deuh neiin kan inchawm thei a, tunah chuan bawngtuthlawh cheh khatah ṭanpuina kan beisei nghal a, a hmunah Field Workers thiam ngei min kawhhmuh kaltlangin hma i la zel tawh ang u. Mizoram hi kan ram a ni lo em ni? Nge, kan chak lo ta thut zawk? Tu te emaw chu an lo nem deuh a ni thei, mahse, Mizo tam ber chu ‗Tlawmngai Hnam‘ kan ni, ni a sat leh Herawt ang, ruah a sur leh chakai ang kha kan ni ta lo em ni? Mi ram a ni love. I fa, i tuchhuan thlenga i ram a ni tawh ang, kan ti a ni lawm ni? Ţanpuina ringawt uma lo/huan/leilet kan siamte hi a dik lo, taima taka kan thawh aṭanga hlawhtlinna kha a ni lawm ni kan target chu? Ar hmai tia lek lekah phulubatin engzat nge thar ang? Min thlahtute kha i thlir kir hret teh ang, buhzem lian tawk nen, thlai thar eng emaw zat nen an thu a sin! Tunah heti zat Agriculture lama thiamna nei min zirtirtu tur kan nei reng a, ril ṭam reng tan hma a sawn theih tak tak loh tihte chu Mizo pavalai chuan kan hre

vek a ni. Harsatna leh retheihna chhel taka su tlang lovin lo neihah te, zirna lamah te leh hmasawnnaah te a hlawhtlin tak tak theih loh. Sakhuanaah te pau thei tak tak chu vengtinah kan kat zet zut a, Lal Isua Krista pawh kha min tlan tura kros-a a tuarna kha pumpelh lovin a tuar

a.Kan Lalpa Pathian, Engkimtitheia chuan a duh chuan a pumpelh thei ngei ang, mahse, pumpelh duh lovin anchhedawng kros-ah a nun hlu tak hlanin min tlanchhuak a ni. Hrehawm tam tak a

tuar hnuah A mite kan nih avangin nitina kan nunna tur mamawh kan phu tawka kan hmaa awm chu lu pan hnathawhin kan thawk tur a ni lo. Heh petin, a sur a sa hnuaiah, hmun khawharah, chhel takin Zofate hian, raltiang ram thlirin puanven sawichhingin ka tum nge ruh saruh tiin ṭanpui tlakin hna i thawk zel ang u. Chutilova chawmhlawm reng hnam kan nih chuan hnam dangin min hmu neu lutuk dawn e.

Mizoram-ah pawh UT kan nih phat kum 1972-ah Mizoram Agriculture Department chu Directorate hranin a ding ve ta a, District hmasa – Aizawl, Lunglei leh Chhimtuipui (tuna Saiha leh Lawngtlai) District-ah te Agriculture District Office din a ni.

Saiha District hi Agriculture District hmasa berte zinga mi a ni a, Saiha District ei leh bara intodelh a nih theih nan nasa takin hma an lo la tawh a ni. Saiha District mipui tam zawkte tan chuan Agriculture hi eizawnna mai ni lo, an nunphunga bet tlat tawh a ni. Saiha Agriculture Department hmalakna zawng zawng sawi sen a ni lo ang a, tun hnaia hmalakna tlangpui leh District chhunga loneitute thlai chin tlangpui tarlang ila.

Buh : Buh hi Mizote chaw pui ber a nih angin Saiha District-ah pawh thlai dang zawng aia chin uar a ni a, kum 2015 khan buh hum 1756 MT lai tlang lo leh leilet siamten an tharchhuak a. Buh chin hi

chhungkaw tam takin eizawn nan an hmang a ni. District khawthlang lam – Phura, Maisa, Lungpuk, Kaisih, Lawngban leh Miepu khuate hi 400 Ha. a zau leiletah kum tin Buh an ching ṭhin a ni. Heng zawng bakah hian District chhak lam – Chakhang leh Siasi-ah te pawh buh chinga eizawng ṭhahnem tak an awm bawk. Tuipang leh a chheh vel khuate leh Niawhtlang khuate hi tlang loa Buh ching tam khua an ni.

Hlawk zawka Buh chin a nih nan Agriculture Department Saiha chuan theih tawpin hma a la a, hmalakna hrang hrang zinga langsar zualte chu :

Buh chi ṭha Hybrid hman : Buh chi ṭha hi Agriculture Department ngaihpawi-mawh ber pakhat a ni. Kan District-ah hian buh chi hrang hrang – Matupui, Buhsen, Japan leh UNDP te hi tual to (Local Variety) buh chi an chin tlangpui a ni a. Kan buh chi ngai hi kum tam tak chhung kan lo hman tawh avangin duh angin a thar a hlawk tawh lo a, hlawk taka buh chin a nih theih

nan buh chi ṭha kan mamawhna hriain Agriculture Department chuan buh chi ṭha leh thar hlawk (Hybrid) ram hla tak aṭangin loneitute tan a chawlut ṭhin a ni. District-ah buh chi ṭha chin pawimawhnate hmun hrang hrangah zirtirna pek ṭhin a ni a. Thingtlang kilkhawr ber Motor luh harsatnaah pawh buh chi ṭha hi sem chhuah ṭhin a ni.

Buh chi ṭha mi (Hybrid) te hi a tlangpuiin rannung leh natna lakah ven uluk an ngai bik hle a. Agriculture Department, Saiha hian buh venhim dan training khaw hrang hrangah a pe ṭhin a ni. Kum 2015 kha Saiha District-ah chuan Department buh chi chin nasat ber kum ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo e.

Line Planting Technology/Improved Package of Practices : Buh chi ṭha kan hman hnuin hlawk zawka buh chin dan mithiamten an zir chhuah hi hman ṭhin a ni. Line fel taka buh phun hian buh kung tinten ni eng leh chaw ṭha rual takin an insem zai a, hlo thlawh a tiawlsam a, buh venhim kawngah pawh mihring chet velna a tihawlsam mai bakah hlo leh rannung thahna (hlotûr) kan hmanten buh kung rual khai takin a fan chhuak a ni.

System of Rice Intensification : SRI hmanga buh chin hi Saiha District chhunga loneituten zawm har an ti viau mai a. A hlawk zawkna lam ngaihtuah lem lovin a tih dan hmang tura sum leh tha sen tam a ngaihna an ngaihtuah ṭhin avang hian loneitute thinlung hmin a har hle mai. Heti chung hian Department chuan theihtawp a chhuah zel a ni.

Improved Jhum : Tlang lo neih kan bansan tak tak theih si loh avangin tlang lova hlawk zawka buh tharchhuah a nih theih nan Agriculture Department chuan tlang loah chang kham leh leiṭha pek a nih theih nan ṭanpuina, tlang lo siamte hnenah a sem ṭhin a ni.

Vaimim : Vaimim hi Saiha Agriculture thlai pawimawh leh chin hnem berte zing a mi a ni. District hmun hrang hrangah chin a ni a, District chhak lam Siata leh Chakhang khaw tlangdung hi Vaimim chin tam zualna hmun a ni. Heng tlangdunga cheng chhungkaw ṭhenkhat, chaw ang hiala ringte pawh an awm bawk.

Vaimim hi a hring a ni emaw, dah ro hnu a ni emawin an ei tlangpui a, Vaimim hian kan mamawh chaw ṭha Carbohydrates 70% leh Protein 10% a pai avangin mi hring ei atan thlai hrisel tak a ni.

Agriculture Department hian kum tin Vaimim chi ṭha a sem reng a, Vaimim hlawk zawka thar chhuah a nih theih nan a ching hnem zualte hnenah ṭanpuina pawh pek ṭhin an ni.

Oil Palm : Oil Palm hi kum 2014 aṭangin Saiha District-ah chin ṭan a ni a, a bul ṭan nan Saiha khaw chheh vel Zero leh Maubawk ramahte chin a ni. Kum hnih chhungin Oil Palm huan 86.0 Ha. a zau siam tawh a ni a, kum 2016-ah pawh 200.0 Ha. laia zau siam belh tum a ni bawk. Kawlawngpatlang zau hi Oil Palm chin tamna ber niin chhungkaw 25 laiin he zauah hian hma an la a ni.

Oil Palm karah hian Balhla leh Lakhuihthei chin a ni tlangpui a, Balhla kung/kau an thlaknate hi Oil Palm kung bulah an dahkhawm a, hei hian ṭhal laia Oil Palm tui mamawh a phuhruk hle a ni. Agriculture Department chuan Oil Palm chingtute tan training a neihpui fo ṭhin a, Oil Palm la chin lohna khuaahte pawh Awareness Campaign-te neih ṭhin a ni. Oil Palm chinna hmunte hi tlangram a nih tlangpui ṭhin avangin Half Moon Terrace Oil Palm huan tam takah laihsak an ni bawk.

Chhawhchhi : Chhawhchhi hi District khawthlang lam khua Myanmar ram depa awm, heng – Lungpuk, Bimary, Lawngmasu leh Lungdarah te chuan chhungkaw tam zawkte ei hmuhna ber a ni

a.Chhawhchhi chingtuten an thlai ven- himna kawngah harsatna an neih chuan Department-in theih tawpin a pui ṭhin a ni.

Be lam thlai : Be lam thlaite hian mihring mamawh chaw ṭha an pai hnem hle a, Protein 22% leh Carbohydrates 62% an pai avangin mihring ei atan thlai hrisel tak a ni. Saiha District-ah pawh hmun hrang hrangah chin a ni a, Chana hi be zingah

chuan chin nasat ber a ni, Bean, Behlawi leh Behliang te pawh hmun hrang hrangah chin a ni bawk. Be lam thlai chingte hnenah hian hlawk zawka chin a nih theih nan training pek ṭhin an ni a, a siam hnem zual thlan bikte hnenah sum fai ṭanpuina pawh pek an nih bakah tui dahkhawlna te siamsak an ni.

Saiha District Buha kan intodelh theih nan Buh chinna tur leilet kum tin siam belh zel a ni a, tui lak remchannaah tui dahkhawlna siamsak ṭhin an ni a. Leilet leh lo neihna zau motor kal pawh theih turin Link Road te laihsak an ni a, tui kawngte leh Agriculture hmanraw hrang hrangte subsidy leh a thlawnte pawha pek ṭhin an ni. Heng hlawk zawka Buh thar a nih theih nana tih dan hrang hrangte hi kan buh chin dan pangngai aia hun leh tha a heh zawk tih hriain Sorkar ṭanpuina Department kaltlangin pek ṭhin an ni. Department hian buh leh bala kan intodelh theih nana hma a lak hi a tawk mai lova, loneitute pawhin theihtawp kan chhuah thar a, nasa lehzuala kan thlantui kan fartir chuan kan District hi kan intodelhin hma kan sawn ngei ang.

Rannung thahna damdawite hi tûr hlauhawm a ni: Rannung thahna damdawi kan hman te hi tûr (poison) hlauhawm tak an ni vek a, a hman dan tur leh a khawih velah te loneituten an hman fimkhur a ṭul tak meuh a ni. Mihring leh ran vulhte tan a hlauhawmna ngaihtuah miah lovin mi tam takin an tuisik hman hmiah hmiah mai hi a pawi em em a ni. Fimkhur lo taka kan hman chuan thihna hial a thlen thei a ni. Heng rannung thahna damdawite hi kan thlai ven nan leh enkawl nan chauh hman i tum hram ang u.

Mi tam takin heng damdawite hi sangha, sava, chakai leh thil dang man nan an hmang a, a sate an ei mai ṭhin a, hei hi thil hlauhawm tak a ni. Chawp leh chilhin kan taksaah damdawi hnathawh kha lang nghal mai lo mahse, kan taksaah a chambang reng a, a ral ve mai thei lo a, thisen zam a zuiin hmun hrang hrangah a tawm bo thei a ni. Ei lai leh a hnu lawkah lang nghal mai lo mahse, khua reiah taksa a

lo chak loh hunah emaw upat lamah damdawi kan ei tel hnathawh kha a rawn lang chhuak thei a, cancer angin thisen leh taksaah zung a kai nghet a, chak lohna avangin kulchona an neiin hrisel lohna tam tak an neih phah a ni. Rannung thahna damdawiin hetianga mihring taksaa a thawh theih avang hian a hman danah i fimkhur ang u. Rannung thahna damdawite hi damdawi mai ni lovin tûr a ni tih i hre nawn leh ang u.

Damdawi hman leh kah laia hriat turte: Rannung thahna damdawi (pesticides)-te hi a theh emaw a kah emawa kan hman dawnin heng a hnuaia tarlante hi hriat leh zawm ngei i tum hram hram ang u.

1.Rannung thahna damdawi hman dawnin a bawm pawn lama thu ziak, kaihhruaina (directions) te hi ngun taka chhiar hmasaka a sawi anga hman ngei tur a ni. Kan chhiar thiam

lo a nih chuan a chhiar thiam leh hriate rawn ngei tur a ni.

2.A hman dan tura a sawi ang ngeia kah tur a ni.

3.Damdawi kah dawnin thawmhnaw hman bik leh hak bik neih ngei tur a ni.

4.Damdawi kah laiin kut lawnga kah loh tur, kutkawr nen ngeia kah tur a ni.

5.Pan emaw hliam leh pem nei chunga damdawi kah loh tur a ni a, loh theih loh thilah damdawi kah a ngai a nih chuan pan leh hliam/pem lai kha bandage chhah ṭha taka tuama kah tur a ni.

6.Thli lo kalna lam hawi zawnga damdawi kha kap lovin thli hnung puak zawnga kah tur a ni.

7.Ruah sur lai leh thli thawt laia damdawi kah loh tur a ni. A theih chuan zing kara kah a ṭha, thli a awm lo deuh.

8.Damdawi phut kan theh dawn a nih chuan chhunah leh tlai lama theh lovin zing karah theh a ṭha ber. Zing dai huh nen a inchawhpawlh a, thlai hnahah damdawi kha a bet nghet bika hna a thawk chak zawk.

9.Damdawi kah zawhah sahbawn nena inbualfai ngei tur a ni.

10. Damdawi bawm/ip/bur chu kut lawnga hawng mai lovin lehkha emaw sarang chhanah emaw kutkawr bun chunga hawn tur a ni. Kut lawnga hawn loh hram tur a ni.

11.Damdawi bur/bawm/ip ruak chu inah emaw ramah emaw thil dang dah nan hman reng reng loh tur a ni. Damdawi bur/bawm ruak chu paih mai lovin leia phum bo tur a ni. Kan hmang leh duh dawn a nih pawhin uluk taka sahbawn nena silfaia tui soa chhum tur a ni.

12.Damdawi khawih lai leh kah laklawh laiin thil ei leh in, meizial zuk te, sahdah leh tuibur hmuam te tih loh tur a ni. Kut fai taka sil hnua ei leh in, zuk leh hmuam tih chauh tur a ni.

13.Damdawi chu tui nena chawhpawlh dawnin a chawhpawlhna tur bik bucket emaw khawnvartui ṭin emaw plastic bur ruak emaw hman tur a ni. Ei bungbel hman lai te, thil dang atana hman leh mai tur chi chu hman loh tur a ni.

14.Damdawi chu tui nena chawhpawlh dawnin kut lawnga chawk mai lovin hmawlh sei khauh deuha chawh tur a ni. Hei hian taksaa inchawh per tur lakah a veng a ni. Chawh per loh hram hram tur a ni.

15.A kahna tur bur chhunga damdawi i thun zawhah thil i ei hma, mei zuk hma leh hna i thawh zawhah kut ngun takin sahbawn nen tuiin silfai tur a ni.

16.Damdawi kahna hmun chu a ro/hul hmain ran emaw mihring emaw kal tir loh tur, inhriattir zel a ṭha.

17.Damdawi kahna bur (sprayer) pawp leh a dawt (pipe) phui lo leh ṭha lo chu hman reng reng loh tur. Hman hmain a ṭhat leh ṭhat loh ngun taka ena siam ṭhat ngai a awm chuan siam ṭhat hnuah chauh hman tur a ni.

18.Damdawi kahna bur, a dawt (pipe) te a lo ping mai thei a, hmuia fawh emaw, ham emaw chhem miah loh tur a ni.

19.Huan emaw lo emawa damdawi hman chi reng rengte chu inchhung leh in bul vela rannung thah nan hman loh tur a ni.

20.Kut silna tui emaw damdawi leia tihbuakte chu a lei nen a theih chin chin ruh faia hmun hla leh him tawka paih emaw phum bo tur a ni.

21.Duhthusam tak chuan mi hrisel ṭhate chauhvin damdawi hmanga buh leh thlaite hi kah tur a ni.

22.Damdawi dahna bur emaw ip ruak emaw te chu paih bo mai lovin leiah feet 2-a thukah phum bo daih tur a ni. Halral theih chi chu hal ral ngei a ṭha.

23.A kahna hmanruate chu hman zawhah sahbawn nen fai taka silfai tur a ni a, naupang khawih mai theiha dah loh tur a ni.

24.Damdawi khawih leh kah vel chhung atan nikhatah darkar 5-8 aia rei hna thawh loh tur. Damdawi kah/theh zawhah inbualfaia thawmhnaw hakte sukfai nghal tur a ni.

25.Damdawi kah zawhah hnathawktuah emaw damdawi kaptuah khan damdawi hnathawh taksa tana ṭhat lohna emaw damlohna emaw eng pawh a awm thei a, Doctor inentir vat tur a ni.

26.Damdawi kah laia boruaka damdawi leng velte hnar leh kaa hip luh mai loh nan hmaikawr emaw rawmawl emaw hmanga hnar hupa hmai tuam tur a ni.

27.Damdawi hman bang leh hmanraw silnate chu tui luang laiah emaw dil/tuikhuahahte paih luh loh tur a ni.

28.Loah emaw huanah emaw damdawi kah laia ran emaw mihring emaw kal/luhtir loh tura khap leh hriattir tur a ni.

29.Mita damdawi/hlo a luh chuan tui thianghlima minute 10 vel sil tur a ni a, a rang thei ang bera Doctor pan tur a ni.

30.Thlaia damdawi kahte kha thlaiin a ei ral hma loh chuan a rah seng/lawha ei nghal mai loh a ṭha. Damdawi kah aṭanga kar hnih emaw kar thum emawa thlai kahte kha ei/lawh chauh tur a ni.

31.Damdawi hman bang leh a burte in chhungah thil dang, damdawi (medicine) ei lai nena dah pawlh loh tur a ni.

32.Damdawite kan lo ei palh a nih chuan a ranglama damdawi in pana Doctor rawn vat tur a ni.

33.Damdawi dahna ip/bawm (bag) sarang hi kut lawnga pawt tet mai loin chemte hriam taka zai thler tur a ni.

Tunlaia khawvelin a buaipui berte zinga mi sik leh sa inthlak/boruak lum zel (Climate change) thlentu gas pathum (carbon dioxide, methane leh nitrous oxide) zinga boruak tihlum lama hlauhawm ber chu nitrous oxide-hi a ni. Nitrous oxide-boruaka awm hmun lia ṭhena hmun thum deuh thaw hi nitrogen leiṭha hman avanga insiam a ni. Tin, a hman dan tur ang lo a thlaithar na‘na nitrogen leiṭha hman hian, za-a sawmnga aia tlem zawk mah pawh nitrogen a riral thei a ni. Awmze nei taka hman a nih theih nan, a hman dan hi hriat chian a ngai a.

Tun ṭumah chuan Urea thlurbing bik ila a ṭha mai awm e.

1.Engzat nge thlaiin nitrogen a mamawh : A tlangpuiin thlai hnah upa lam eng (yellowing) hian nitrogen mamawh a entir. Amaherawhchu, thlai hnah eng zawng zawng hi nitrogen leiṭha tlakchham vang a ni vek kher lo. Hriatchian theih dan ber erawh chu lei emaw thlai taksa hlawm (plant biomass) test aṭangin a ni. Lei test aṭangin leiah nitrogen kg 280 aia tlem hectare khata a awm chuan, nitrogen chu leiin a pai tlem (Low) a ngaih a ni,

kg 280 aṭanga 560 inkarah a awm chuan a pangngai (Medium) a ngaih a ni, kg 560 aia tam hectare khata a awm chuan a pai tam (High) tihna a ni.

2.Leia phul dan : Urea hi leia phul hian a insiam danglam chak em em a. Urea aṭangin carbondioxide leh ammonia-ah insiamin, a inthlak hun chhung hi ni 2 aṭanga ni 4 vel a ni. Ammonia hi ammonium-ah inthlak lehin nitrate-ah, thlaiin a lak turin a insiam ṭhin a. Leia tui/hnawng, sat zawng (temperature) leh lei thur leh al (lei pH) dan a zirin a inthlak chakin a muang thei bawk. Ammonia hi gas a ni a, lei chung langah kan phula lei a lo sat emaw, tui/hnawng, leh pH a lo san phei chuan boruakah a thamral awlsam em em a ni. Chuvangin, a thamral tur tihtlem nan leh ven nan chuan leileh hnan emaw, lei chhunga dah (incorporation) theih a ṭha.

Thlai hrang hrang tan a dang a, buh kar a zin vang leh leileta tui a tlin vangin buh bikah chuan thehdarh (Broadcasting) a ngai. Tlangramah thung chuan buh ṭiah hnuah, tuthlawha lei cheh hawna, buh kung bula lei chhungah phul mai tur a ni. Hetiang hian thlai dang vaimim leh a dangte pawh tih mai tur a ni.

3.Thlai chi dek lovin : Urea leia phul hian thlai chi nen inhnaih thei ang berah phul a ṭha a, amaherawhchu, deh tir loh a ṭha. Ammonia gas insiam vang hian hun reilote chhungin lei hi pH 9 thlengte pawn a awm thei a, chu

chuan thlai chi a that thei a ni. A bikin vaimim chi hian a haw hle.

4.Phul hun leh then dan : Vawikhatah leia phul vek hian tam tak boruakahte thamralin, tuiin lei thuk lamahte a lenbo (nitrate leaching) thei a, chuvang chuan ṭum thum pekah tal hman a ṭha. A hmasa berin za-a sawmnga (50%) thlai chi theh hnu lawkah, za-a sawmhnih panga (25%) ni sawmthum hnu vel-ah (Buh peng hun), a bang za- a sawmhnih panga (25%) dang leh hi ni sawmthum hnu (Buh vui ṭan hun) ah pein, hetiang hian ṭum thum pekah tal then a ṭha. Chutiang zelin mahni remchan dan angin thlai danga pawh vawi thum tal a ṭhen tur a ni. Tin, phosphorus leiṭha (SSP/DAP) leh potassium leiṭha (MOP) hi chu nitrogen angin ṭhendarh a ngai ve lo a, thlai phun tirha pek vek kha a pawi lo.

5.Chinai thi nena pawl loh tur : Urea hi leiṭha dang nen pawlha hman theih a ni, mahse, chinai thi (Quick and slaked lime) nen erawh chuan pawlh loh tur a ni. Quick leh slaked lime hian leia tui emaw, hnawng emaw hmangin ni 2 aṭanga ni 4 velah lei pH a ti sang (lei a ti al) thei a, pH sang chuan urea nitrogen tam tak boruakah a kal ral tir dawn a ni. Duhthusam chuan nitrogen leiṭha leia phul hma ni 15 ah tal chinai thi lo theh lawk tur a ni.

Zawhna : Buh chin ka duh a (leilet bik ah), lei ka endik tirna aṭangin ka lei chuan nitrogen a pai tlem (213.56 N kg ha-1) si a.

Urea leiṭha hi buh thar ṭhat nan engtin nge ka hman ang?

Chhana : A hmasa ber atan chuan buh chin nana leiṭha hman dan tur (recommendation) i mamawh a.

⇒Mizoramah chuan (60:40:40:: N:P:K kg ha-1) hi buh atana kan hman a ni. A awmzia chu, buh thar ṭhat nan chuan hectare khatah nitrogen kg 60, Phosphorus kg 40 leh K pawh kg 40 bawk i mamawh tihna a ni.

⇒Lei test result aṭang hian N, P leh K tlem leh tam lam-Low, medium leh high kan hre thei a. A tlem chuan za-a sawmhnih panga belh tur, a tam chuan za-a sawmhnih panga paih tur a ni. Chutiang bawkin a pangngai (medium) a nih chuan, a recommended dose hman mai tur a ni).

⇒Lei test aṭang chuan N hi a tlem a. I leiin nitrogen a neih tlem vangin 60 kg

aṭangin za-a sawmhnih panga i belh angai a, chu chu 15 kg ha-1 a ni.

Tichuan, i buh chin nan hectare khatah kg 75 N (60+15) i mamawh tihna a ni.

Urea I mamawh zat chhut dan.

Urea hian za-a 46 N a pai a. Hetiang hi chhut dan tur a ni-

46 kg N chu kg 100 urea-in pai.

1 kg N chu kg 100/46 urea-in a pai.

75 kg N (Nitrogen i mamawh zat lei kan test aṭanga kan chhut chhuah tawh kha) chu kg 100/46*100 urea-in a pai. Kg 75N hectare khata hman atan chuan Urea kg 163.04 (165approx) i mamawh tihna a ni.

⇒Tichuan, i buh thar hlawk nan leh nitrogen i thlaiin ṭha taka a lo hman theih nan za-a sawmnga (chu chu Urea 83 kg tihna) chu buh chin hun/nursery aṭanga phun sawn hunah i hmang ang a, kg 40 Urea dang leh chu buh pen hun (buh phun sawn aṭanga ni 20 emaw ni 30) leh a la bang kg 40 Urea chu buh vûi ṭan hun a theh leh tur a ni.

Soil testing chu lei endik tihna mai a ni a. Lei chu kan hre ṭheuh a, sawifiah vak a ngai awm lo e. Leiṭha deuh leh ṭha lo deuhte a awm a, leiṭha kan tih hian kan sawi ber chu leiin thlai ei theih tura chaw ṭha a pai tam zawng a ni ber awm e.

Lei kan endik chhan chi hrang hrang a awm awm e. A thur leh al zawng hriat nan te, thlai tana chaw ṭha chi hrang hrang heng nitrogen te, phosphorus te, potassium te leh thil dang a pai tam zawngte hi kan endik berte chu an ni.

Lei endik hian chhawng li a nei a, chungte chu:

1.Lei lakkhawm.

2.Laboratory-a lei endik tir.

3.Lei endikna aṭanga lei nihna hriat chian.

4.Lei nihna hriat chian hnua thlai chin tur mamawh dan tawka leilung sawngbawl dan tur ruahman.

Heng lei endik dan tur chhawng li kan sawi zingah hian a hmasa bera kan sawi, lei lakkhawm hi a pawimawhin loneituten kan tih ve theih leh kan tih tur pawimawh tak a nih avangin kan hriat tlan a pawimawh hle awm e.

Lei kan lakkhawm dawn hian a hmasa berin kan ram kha a leilung awm dan a zirin a hnuaia kan sawi ang hian hmun hrang hrangah kan ṭhen phawt tur a ni.

1.Ram pianhmang (topography) zirin : Kan ram pianhmang a zirin kan ram kha hmun hrang hrangah kan ṭhen tur a ni. A zawl lai deuh te, a awihtlan lai deuh te, a kham pang lai deuh tein kan ṭhen tur a ni. Heng kan ṭhen hrang hrangte aṭang hian lak pawlh loh tur a ni. Ram pianhmang rualkhai tak a nih erawh chuan ṭhen kher pawh a ngai lo ve thei bawk awm e.

2.A rawng : Kan lei rawng a zirin kan ṭhen leh tur a ni. Lei dum deuh te, a sen deuh leh a buang deuh te, chutiang zelin, heng lei rawng inang lote aṭang hian kan lei endiktir tur kha kan lak pawlh tur a ni lo.

3. Leilung (texture) a zirin: Kan ram

leilungte hi a inang lo thei hle a, lei dur deuh te, tlak lei deuh te, lung hmun deuh te pawh a ni thei awm e. Heng leilung hrang hrangte hi lak pawlh lovin a hranin kan la tur a ni.

4.Lei ṭhat dan a zirin : Kum hmasa lama kan thlai chin dan aṭangin lei ṭhatna hmun leh lei chhiatna hmun deuhte chu kan hre thei mai awm e. Heng lei ṭhatna hmun lai deuh leh ṭhat lohna lai deuhte hi kan lak pawlh tur a ni lo. Tin, leiṭha leh bawngek te, vermi-compost leh thil dangte kan hmanna hmun leh hman lohna hmunte aṭangin kan lei endik tir tur kha kan la kawp tur a ni lo bawk.

Lei kan lak hian hmun khata mi chauh kan la tur a ni lo a, kan ram zauh dan a zirin hmun 8 (riat) aṭanga 12 (sawm- pahnih) aṭang tein kan la tur a ni. Heng kan lakna hmun tura kan thlante kan ram tuam chhuak thei tur ang berin, hmun hrang hrangah kan thlang tur a ni. Lei endik tir tur kan lak dawn hian a lakna tur hmun hrang hrang kan thlante kha uluk takin kan tifai ang a, chutah chuan khuar ‗V‘ angin kan siam ang a, tichuan a vung hmasa ber kha kan paih ang. Khuar kan siam aṭang khan a bang (side) kha inchi 1 vela chhahin chemphek hmangin emaw bawngtuthlawh hmangin emaw rual takin kan hlawi ang a, chu chu kan la ang. Hetiang zel hian khur 8-12 vel aṭangin kan la ang.

Tichuan, heng hmun hrang hrang 8-12 aṭanga kan lakkhawmte kha uluk taka chawhpawlhin hmawmhnawk, thingzung nawi te, lung te leh thil dangte kan thianfai vek tur a ni. Hetia kan chawhpawlhte hi hmun li-ah ṭhenin hmun hnih kan paih ang a, hmun hnih kan la ang. Tichuan, a la bang kha uluk takin kan chawhpawlh leh ang a, hmun li-ah bawk kan ṭhen leh ang a, chutiang zel chuan kan ti ang a, a tawpah

250-500g vel chauh a bang thlengin kan ti tur a ni. A tawpa bang hi ipah khungin hei hi endik tir turin lei endiktute hnenah pek tur a ni. Lei endik tur kan pek dawn hian ipah chuan loneitu hming leh veng/khua te, lakna hmunte uluk taka ziakin bel tur a ni. Lei endik tir tur kha pakhat aia tam kan nei a nih phei chuan ip hran ṭheuhah khan chhinchhiahna kan siam tur a ni. Entirnan, kan lakna zau hming telhin emaw ni kang lam, dâm lam tiin emawte pawh kan chhinchhiah thei awm e.

Hetia lei lakna tur hmun kan thlan lai hian kan hriatreng tur chu kawng hnaih lutuk aṭang te, in bul emaw thlam emaw chhekin hnaih lutuk aṭang te, thingbuk hlima mi te, in thli emaw bawng in thli luanna bul hnaia mite lak loh tur a ni.

Lei endik hi a pawimawhin a ṭangkai em em a, kan sawi tawh ang khan lei thur/al zawng hriat nan te, leiin chaw ṭha a pai tam zawng hriat nan te a pawimawh em em a ni. Loneitu chuan thlai kan chin dawnin kan lei dinhmun chiang taka kan hriat a pawimawh hle a, kan lei dinhmun kan hriat chian aṭang hian eng thlai nge kan chin ang? emaw kan thlai chin duh tak kha ching thei turin engtin nge kan lei kan sawngbawl ang? tiin emaw ruahmanna kan siam thei dawn a ni. Thlai chi ṭha ber ber leh tui pek tur duhthusam neiin a enkawlna tur ṭha tinreng leh thiamna nei mah ila, kan lei berin a zir miau si loh chuan thlai hi ṭha takin kan ching thei dawn chuang lo a ni tih hi kan hriat a pawimawh awm e. Loneitute hian kan lei hi kan ngaihthah fo ṭhin a, a pawi hle. Kum tam tak thlai chin theihna tur chuan kan leite hi uluk leh duat taka kan

enkawl a ṭul a, hetianga ṭha taka kan enkawl theihna tur chuan kan lei dinhmun kan hriat chian a ṭul a, kan lei dinhmun hrechiang tur chuan lei kan endik tir hi tih makmawh a ni. Kan leite hi kum tin thlai chin dawn apianga endik tir theih hi a ṭha ber a, mahse, chu chu kan thei lo a nih pawhin kum thum danah tal chuan kan endik tir ngei ngei tur a ni. Leite hi mahni duh ang anga sawngbawl ve ngawt a, chinai

thi leh leiṭhate kan tawngpawng pek vak hian leiin ṭhatpui a hnehin a chhiatpui thei a, chubakah, kan thlaite pawhin an ngeih ber lem lo tih pawh hi kan hriat a ṭul hle awm e. Chuvang chuan chinai pek a ngaih leh ngaih loh hriat nan te, engzat nge pek tur hriat nan te, leiṭha engzat nge pek tur tih leh eng ang leiṭha nge pek tur tih hriat nan kan leite hi kan endik ngei tur a ni.

Khawi aṭanga lo chhuak nge?

Hindu-ho chuan mithianghlim thiltithei tak, Rishi Vishwa Mittra‘n van aṭanga a rawn thlak niin an ngai. Chhuitu tam ber chuan India hmar lam leh New Guinea hi a lo chhuahna hmun niah an ngai. Chuta ṭang chuan Middle East, Europe, Aigupta, Morocco, Spain leh Africa khawchhak lamahte a darh zel a ni. Fu chinna ram pawimawh deuh deuhte chu : India, Cuba, USA, Australia, Philippines, Indonesia, South Africa, USSR, Java leh Sumatra te an ni.

A hmannate

1.Chini leh Kurtai siam nan fu tui an hmang.

2.Fu herna fu hi tuah atan te, lehkhakhawng siam nan te, ran mutna bu atan te an hmang.

3.Alcohol (Zu) leh damdawi ṭhenkhat siamna atan te an hmang.

4.Thil charna siam nan a tui bawlhhlawh paih mai tura ngaihte hi hman a ni.

A ram leilung duhzawng

Fu hi lei chhia leh ṭha deuhah pawh a chin theih a, balu lei kai deuh aṭangin tlak lei thlengin hlawhtling takin a chin theih. Tui tlin lohna hmun, lei dum, hnim ṭawih tamna ramah a ṭha duh ber.

Sik leh Sa leh Boruak

Khawvel ram laili (Tropical leh Sub- Tropical) Equator aṭanga chhim leh hmar lam 30o latitude inkarah a ṭha duh ber. Fu ṭhan nana boruak ṭha ber chu 250-280C-a lum a ni. Ram vawt lutuk (100C aia hniam) leh a lum lutuk (360C aia lum)-ah chuan a ṭhan a chawl ṭhin. Boruak lum leh hnawng hian a ṭhan a tiṭhu a, boruak vawt leh ro hian a tipuitling hma thung. Ni eng lanna ramah a ṭha duh ber. Ram vawt leh ni eng lan rei lohna hmunah chuan a ṭha thei lo. Phai ramah thla 12 chhunga a puitlin theih laiin tlangram 2500 meters-a sangah chuan thla 24-ah a puitling chauh ṭhin.

Tui laka chawmna ramah chuan kum khat chhunga ruahtui tla 20-40 inches-ah a chin theih a, mahse, tui laka chawm a nih loh chuan 50-100 inches-a tam ruahtui a

mamawh. Ruahtui tam lutuk hian fu tui a tidal thei.

A ṭhan chhoh dan

A dam chhung hun hi hun 3-ah ṭhen

a ni.

1.A ṭiah aṭanga a chawr duah hun :- Chhuna ni eng ṭha tawk leh lum, zan erawh chu vawt si hian a tichawr ṭha. Boruak vawt lutuk erawh chuan a ṭhan a tichawl thei. A chawr ṭan nan ruahtui tlem chauh a mamawh. A chawr ṭan hmaa ruah a sur chuan lei chunglang khawng, ruahsur vanga awm kha rih phut a ṭha.

2.A ṭhan ṭhat hun lai :

Ni lum tawk leh boruak hnawng tak leh ruah sur deuh reng a mamawh. He hun hi June-September a ni ber.

3.A puitlin hun :

Vur awm lo, boruak vawt leh lei hnawng ṭha tawk a mamawh.

Fu chi India Hmarchhaka chin ṭhenkhatte

1.Thar rang : COJ 64, COJ 58,

2.A thar laihawl : CO 975, CO 1158, COJ 67,

3.A thar tlai : COJ 46, COJ 1148.

Fu chi ṭha thlan dan

1.A ler lam 2/3 feet-a sei lak tur a ni. A chhan chu –

(a)Glucose content a sang a, chu chuan a chawr tur mit tan chakna (energy) a pe a, a chawr ṭha bik.

(b)A mit te an naupang a, chu chu natna hrik lakah an himin an hrisel bik.

(c)A chang a zing a, a chi a tam thei bik.

2.Fu chi chu a tharlam tur a ni.

3.A la par lo kung ṭang ngeiin fu chi lak tur a ni.

4.Leiṭha taka chawmna hmun aṭang ngeiin a chi lak tur a ni.

5.Fu chi chu a chhah ṭha tawk tur a ni.

6.Fu chi chu a naupang tur a ni.

7.Ram hulhar leh nikang ṭha aṭangin fu chi lak tur a ni.

Damdawia Fu chi ven dan

Fu chi chu chin hmain 0.5% Agallol

(3%) emaw 6.25% Aretan (6%) emaw Tafasan (6%)-ah emaw chiah a, daihlima pho ro leh tur. Fu chi kha Agallol 500gm emaw Aretan 250gm emaw Tafasan 250 emaw tui 100 litres nen chawhpawlha chiaha lak chhuah leh nghal tur a ni. Hei hian natna hrik lakah a veng a ni.

Fu chi mamawh zat

Ram ṭin khat hmuna zauvah fu chi mit pahnih nei chu 20,000-a tam a mamawh a, mit pathum nei chu 15,000-a tam a mamawh. Tin , fu chi thlau deuh taka tan chum hian lei aṭanga chakna a hip luh tam tir bik avangin tih fo a ṭha.

A chin hun

A chin hun ṭha ber chu February thla laihawl aṭanga March thla tawp thleng a ni. March aia tlaia chin dawn chuan a leta tam a hi phum tur. Fu chinna tur laih khuarah BHC phul tur.

Trench Method : Tlar fel tak nei, khur laih a, Fu chi chin hi Trench Method a ni. Hei hi Mizo chin dan (duh dan dana chin tawp mai) nen chuan a inang lo hle. Ram intia rau rauvah Fu kung a tam hlei hle a, Fu a hrisel a, thlawh leh enkawl a nuam hlei hle. Hei hi phaiah chauh lo pawh tlangramah pawh tih theih a ni.

November thla tawp aṭangin khur laih ṭan tur a ni a. Khur laih chu tlangdung tan zawng a ni tur a ni a, 25cm-a zau 20 cm-a thuk ni se. A sei lam erawh chu a ram rem dan ang ang ni rawh se. Khur lai tak aṭangin teha 90 cm-a hlaah khur hi laih leh zel tur a ni. Kan khur laihah khan lei chunglang ṭha kha hai luh a, bawngek leh leiṭha neih theih ang ang nen chawhpawlh tur a ni. He kan khur laih (Trench) chhungah hian fu chi kha thuk lo tea phum a, leia chhilh tur a ni.

Fertilizer (Leiṭha) hman dan

Fu hmun thlawh dan

Chin aṭanga thla khat velah thlawh ṭan tur a ni. Fu chi hi a dawn chak loh avangin leh a inkar awl a zau avangin hlo a ṭhang chak hle. Hlo thlawh pah hian a bul rih vur zel a ṭha.

Damdawia Enkawl dan

1.Fu ngêt : Sumethion/Thiodan/ Navacron hlordan 1-1.50 lits tui 1000 lits-a chawhpawlhin ram hectare khat (ṭin hnih leh a chanve hmun)-a zau kah nan hman tur.

2.A hnah eitu Rannung leh Thlangdar rimchhe lam : Malation/Rogor-te hian kah tur a ni. A chawhpawlh dan chu a chunga mi ang tho.

3.Natna :

(a)Red Rod

(b)Witt (tam)

(c)Smut.

Ram ṭha leh ṭha lovah a mamawh a inang lo thei a. A tlangpuiin Fu enkawl nan chuan 135-70-60 Kgs NPK/ha a mamawh, chumi awmzia chu – Ram ṭin khat hmuna zauah Urea 117 Kgs, SSP-175 Kgs leh M.O.P 50 Kgs a mamawh a. SSP leh MOP zawng zawng leh Urea a chanve hi a chin dawnah kan khur laihah khan phul tur a ni a, Urea a chanve dang chu June thla velah a theha theh leh tur a ni.

Heng natna lak aṭanga thlai ven nan hengte hi kan hre reng tur a ni.

a)Natna laka him Fu chi chauh chin tur.

b)Fu chinnaah thlai dang chin phawt hnuah te chuan Fu vek chin chhunzawm loh tur.

c)Fu chi chu kan sawi tawh angin

Damdawia chiah ngei ngei tur. A nih loh chuan Ni sa 540 C-a lumah darkar 8 pho tur a ni.